A currency is a universal, standardized medium of paying for things. Historically, currencies have been represented by physical goods such as precious metals, coins, and banknotes, though this trend has been broken with the advent of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum that exist exclusively on computers. Some popular examples of physical currencies are the U.S. Dollar, Euro, and Yen.
Currencies are the lifeline that has allowed our society of globalization and interconnectedness to exist, and has done so for thousands of years. Before currencies, bartering was the main method of getting goods and services: a person would give you a good or service in exchange for you also giving that person a good or service. But what if you don't have a good or service that the other person wants? With bartering, you'd be screwed, but that exchange could still occur with currencies as they are something everyone wants.